Immunosuppression is a hallmark of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC),
contributing to early metastasis and poor patient survival. Compared to the localized tumors …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine regulating homeostasis
and immune responses in adult animals and humans. Aberrant and overactive TGF-β …

Pancreatic cancer is one of the common malignant tumors of the digestive system and is
known as the “king of cancers”. It is extremely difficult to diagnose at an early stage, the …

Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tends to undergo distant
metastasis, especially liver metastasis, leading to a poor prognosis. Metabolic remodelling …

Lysine-specific demethylase 5A (KDM5A, also named RBP2 or JARID1A) is a demethylase
that can remove methyl groups from histones H3K4me1/2/3. It is aberrantly expressed in …

Intratumoral hypoxia is a widely established element of the pancreatic tumor
microenvironment (TME) promoting immune escape, tumor invasion, and progression, while …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in the regulation of tumor occurrence and
development. As a main source of ROS, NADPH oxidases are key enzymes that mediate …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly life-threatening tumour with a low
early-detection rate, rapid progression and a tendency to develop resistance to …

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 4 (NOX4) is one of the
seven isoforms of NOX family, which is upregulated in pancreatic cancer cell, mouse model …

Tumor hypoxia promotes malignant progression and therapeutic resistance in glioblastoma
partly by increasing the production of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2), a type of reactive oxygen …