The centenary of insulin discovery represents an important opportunity to transform diabetes
from a fatal diagnosis into a medically manageable chronic condition. Insulin is a key …

Insulin resistance (IR) plays a crucial role in the development and progression of
metabolism-related diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, tumors, and nonalcoholic fatty …

Insulin resistance (IR) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) represent two universal public
health hazards, especially in today's Western societies. A causal-effect relationship has …

Insulin resistance (IR) is a well-established risk factor for metabolic disease. The ratio of
triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG: HDL-C) is a surrogate marker of IR …

Childhood obesity is, according to the WHO, one of the most serious challenges of the 21st
century. More than 100 million children have obesity today. Already during childhood …

The increasing prevalence of older adults with diabetes has become a major social burden.
Diabetes, frailty, and cognitive dysfunction are closely related to the mechanisms of aging …

A cluster of metabolic factors have been merged into an entity named the metabolic
syndrome. Although the characteristics of this syndrome have varied over time the presently …

The tryptophan–kynurenine pathway (Trp–KYN) is the major route for tryptophan conversion
in the brain and in the periphery. Kynurenines display a wide range of biological actions …

Insulin resistance (IR) is fundamental to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and is
present in most prediabetic (preDM) individuals. Insulin resistance has both heritable and …

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a disease in which endocrine metabolic abnormalities
coexist with reproductive system abnormalities, with the main clinical manifestations …