Studies in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease
and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and so on, have suggested that …

Contemporary studies have completely changed the view of brain immunity from envisioning
the brain as isolated and inaccessible to peripheral immune cells to an organ in close …

For decades, it was commonly accepted that the brain is secluded from peripheral immune
activity and is self-sufficient for its maintenance and repair. This simplistic perception was …

The choroid plexus (CP) forming the blood–cerebrospinal fluid (B-CSF) barrier is among the
least studied structures of the central nervous system (CNS) despite its clinical importance …

During ageing, microglia acquire a phenotype that may negatively affect brain function. Here
we show that ageing microglial phenotype is largely imposed by interferon type I (IFN-I) …

Neuroinflammation is common to various diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), but
its imprecise definition has led to many misconceptions in research and clinical approaches …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a heterogeneous disorder with multiple etiologies. Harnessing
the immune system by blocking the programmed cell death receptor (PD)-1 pathway in an …

The glymphatics system describes a CSF-mediated clearance pathway for the removal of
potentially harmful molecules, such as amyloid beta, from the brain. As such, its components …

Chronic (neuro) inflammation plays an important role in many age-related central nervous
system (CNS) diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and vascular …

Lymphatic vasculature drains interstitial fluids, which contain the tissue's waste products,
and ensures immune surveillance of the tissues, allowing immune cell recirculation. Until …