Glutamate (Glu) is the primary excitatory transmitter in the mammalian brain. But, we know
little about the evolutionary history of this adaptation, including the selection of l-glutamate …

Chronic pain caused by injury or disease of the nervous system (neuropathic pain) has been
linked to persistent electrical hyperactivity of the sensory neurons (nociceptors) specialized …

The premise of this two-part theme issue is simple: the cognitive sciences should join the
rest of the life sciences in how they approach the quarry within their research domain …

Ctenophores are gelatinous marine animals famous for locomotion by ciliary combs. Due to
the uncertainties of the phylogenetic placement of ctenophores and the absence of some …

How to make a neuron, a synapse, and a neural circuit? Is there only one 'design'for a
neural architecture with a universally shared genomic blueprint across species? The brief …

Monoamines like serotonin, dopamine, and adrenaline/noradrenaline (epinephrine/
norepinephrine) act as neuromodulators in the nervous system. They play a role in complex …

We define a cognitive system as a system that can learn, and adopt an evolutionary-
transition-oriented framework for analysing different types of neural cognition. This enables …

How can single cells without nervous systems perform complex behaviours such as
habituation, associative learning and decision making, which are considered the hallmark of …

Uncovering cognitive similarities and differences, conservation and innovation |
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences logo logo Skip main …

Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most ancient and versatile signal molecules across all
domains of life. NO signaling might also play an essential role in the origin of animal …