In ligand bias different agonist drugs are thought to produce distinct signaling outputs when
activating the same receptor. If these signaling outputs mediate therapeutic versus adverse …

Achieving effective pain management is one of the major challenges associated with
modern day medicine. Opioids, such as morphine, have been the reference treatment for …

Etonitazene and related 2-benzylbenzimidazoles are potent analgetics invented in the
research laboratories of the Swiss pharmaceutical giant CIBA in the late 1950s. Though the …

Synthetic opioids constitute one of the fastest-growing groups of new psychoactive
substances (NPS) worldwide. With fentanyl analogues being increasingly controlled via …

Because of the problems associated with opioids, drug discovery efforts have been
employed to develop opioids with reduced side effects using approaches such as biased …

The leaves of Mitragyna speciosa (kratom), a plant native to Southeast Asia, are increasingly
used as a pain reliever and for attenuation of opioid withdrawal symptoms. Using the tools of …

Background The emergence of novel synthetic opioids (NSOs) is contributing to the opioid
overdose crisis. While fentanyl analogs have historically dominated the NSO market, a shift …

Opioid misuse and addiction are a public health crisis resulting in debilitation, deaths, and
significant social and economic impact. Curbing this crisis requires collaboration among …

The landscape of new psychoactive substances (NPS) is constantly evolving, with new
compounds entering the illicit drug market at a continuous pace. Of these, opioid NPS form a …

The mu opioid receptor (MOR) is a diversely regulated target for the alleviation of pain in the
clinical setting. However, untoward side effects such as tolerance, dependence, respiratory …