Living organisms are well known for building a wide range of specially designed organic–
inorganic hybrid materials such as bone, teeth, and shells, which are highly sophisticated in …

Biologically formed hard tissues, referred to as biominerals, have intrigued the materials
engineering community for years because of the high degree of crystallographic control that …

In Nature living organisms use a whole range of organic-inorganic hybrid materials for a
variety of purposes, including mechanical support, navigation, protection, and defense. 1, 2 …

The often astonishing material properties of crystalline biominerals are generally related to
the hierarchical assembly of specifically interacting organic and inorganic components. To …

Calcium carbonate biomineralization uses complex assemblies of macromolecules that
control the nucleation, growth, and positioning of the mineral with great detail. To investigate …

ZnO materials with a range of different morphologies have been successfully synthesized
via a simple double-solvothermal method in the presence of glycine. The morphologies of …

Scleractinia coral skeleton formation occurs by a heterogeneous process of nucleation and
growth of aragonite in which intraskeletal soluble organic matrix molecules, usually referred …

Calcium materials, such as calcium carbonate, are produced in natural and industrial
settings that range from oceanic to biomedical. An array of biological and biomimetic …

Through the process of biomineralization living organisms use macromolecules to direct
nucleation and growth of nanophases of a variety of inorganic materials. Evidence shows …

We have studied the effects of L (+)-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) on the formation of ZnO
crystals. We carried out a series of experiments under weak acidic to alkaline conditions. We …