Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions associated with the risk of diabetes mellitus
type 2 and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Metabolic syndrome is closely related to …

Currently, obesity has become a global health issue and is referred to as an epidemic.
Dysfunctional obese adipose tissue plays a pivotal role in the development of insulin …

Up to 50% of the people who have died from COVID-19 had metabolic and vascular
disorders. Notably, there are many direct links between COVID-19 and the metabolic and …

Oxidative stress (OS) is a metabolic dysfunction mediated by the imbalance between the
biochemical processes leading to elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) …

The prevalence of heart failure is on the rise and imposes a major health threat, in part, due
to the rapidly increased prevalence of overweight and obesity. To this point …

Abstract Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)
signaling pathway is one of the major cellular signaling pathways that plays an important …

Insulin resistance (IR) plays a crucial role in the development and progression of
metabolism-related diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, tumors, and nonalcoholic fatty …

In addition to their role in glucose and lipid metabolism, adipocytes respond differentially to
physiological cues or metabolic stress by releasing endocrine factors that regulate diverse …

The 1921 discovery of insulin was a Big Bang from which a vast and expanding universe of
research into insulin action and resistance has issued. In the intervening century, some …

Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem, affecting about 10% of the population.
Pharmacotherapy aims to protect against microvascular complications, including blindness …