T cells are crucial for immune functions to maintain health and prevent disease. T cell
development occurs in a stepwise process in the thymus and mainly generates CD4+ and …

Cytotoxic T cells are important effectors of anti-tumor immunity. While tumor killing is
ascribed to CD8+ T cell function, pre-clinical and clinical studies have identified intra …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a key cytokine regulating the development,
activation, proliferation, differentiation, and death of T cells. In CD4+ T cells, TGF-β maintains …

The aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that buoys
intestinal immune responses. AHR induces its own negative regulator, the AHR repressor …

The immune system plays a critical role in protecting hosts from the invasion of organisms.
CD4 T cells, as a key component of the immune system, are central in orchestrating adaptive …

CD4 T cells have been implicated in cancer immunity for their helper functions. Moreover,
their direct cytotoxic potential has been shown in some patients with cancer. Here, by mining …

Rationale: Atherosclerotic lesions are known for their cellular heterogeneity, yet the
molecular complexity within the cells of human plaques has not been fully assessed …

The small intestine contains CD4+ CD8αα+ double-positive intraepithelial lymphocytes (DP
IELs), which originate from intestinal CD4+ T cells through down-regulation of the …

Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T (TRM) cells are found at common sites of pathogen
exposure, where they elicit rapid and robust protective immune responses,. However, the …

In the mucosa, the immune system's T cells and B cells have position-specific phenotypes
and functions that are influenced by the microbiota. These cells play pivotal parts in the …