Parkinson's disease (PD) is a severe neurodegenerative disease characterized by classic
motor features associated with the loss of dopaminergic neurons and appearance of Lewy …

The emergence of compulsive drug‐seeking habits, a hallmark feature of substance use
disorder, has been shown to be predicated on the engagement of dorsolateral striatal …

In realistic sparse reward tasks, existing theoretical methods cannot be effectively applied
due to the low sampling probability ofrewarded episodes. Profound research on methods …

The roles of astrocytes as reservoirs and producers of a subset of viral proteins in the HIV
infected brain have been studied extensively as a key to understanding HIV-associated …

While goal-directed behaviors pursue maximized reward through action–outcome
contingency, repeated behaviors often produce invariances between action and outcome …

Rationale Withdrawal from chronic alcohol exposure produces various physical and mental
withdrawal symptoms. Activation of adenosine receptors is known to inhibit withdrawal …

The regulation of feeding behaviour is a complex process controlled by neural circuits in the
brain. In addition to neurons, genetic and pharmacological studies in animal models are …

The external globus pallidus (GPe) is an integrative hub and gateway for behavioral exibility
in rewardrelated behaviors. However, it remains unknown whether enriched astrocytes in …

Brain circuits involved in metabolic control and reward-associated behaviors are potent
drivers of feeding behavior and are both dramatically altered in obesity, a multifactorial …

Emerging evidence indicates that astrocytes play a vital role in both the establishment and
preservation of memories. However, their specific contribution to addiction-related memory …