This review gives an account of the cigarette as a highly efficient nicotine delivery system. It
explains how nicotine induces pleasure, reduces stress and anxiety, and causes addiction …

Recently, there has been a significant increase in the use of noncombustible nicotine–
containing products, including electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). Of increasing popularity …

Importance As e-cigarettes have become more effective at delivering the addictive drug
nicotine, they have become the dominant form of tobacco use by US adolescents. Objective …

The past decades have seen a revolution in our understanding of brain diseases and in
particular of drug addiction. This has been largely due to the identification of …

Introduction Unregulated e-cigarette devices and their nicotine content have amplified the
potential of e-cigarettes as addictive agents. Several e-cigarette-related parameters have …

An aversive abstinence syndrome manifests 4–24 h following cessation of chronic use of
nicotine-containing products. Symptoms peak on approximately the 3rd day and taper off …

Adaptation of the nervous system to different chemical and physiologic conditions is
important for the homeostasis of brain processes and for learning and remembering …

Aberrant amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) accumulation along with altered expression and function of
nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) stand prominently in the etiology of Alzheimer's …

Parkinson's disease is a debilitating movement disorder characterized by a generalized
dysfunction of the nervous system, with a particularly prominent decline in the nigrostriatal …

The addiction‐relevant molecular, cellular, and behavioral actions of nicotine are derived
from its stimulatory effects on neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the …