Anesthetic agents disrupt neurodevelopment in animal models, but evidence in humans is
mixed. The morphologic and behavioral changes observed across many species predicted …

General anesthesia has been unequivocally linked to abnormal development of the central
nervous system, leading to neurocognitive impairments in laboratory models. In vitro and in …

Background In laboratory animals, exposure to most general anaesthetics leads to
neurotoxicity manifested by neuronal cell death and abnormal behaviour and cognition …

Background Few studies of how exposure of children to anesthesia may affect
neurodevelopment employ comprehensive neuropsychological assessments. This study …

Background Whether exposure to a single general anaesthetic (GA) in early childhood
causes long-term neurodevelopmental problems remains unclear. Methods …

A recent US Food and Drug Administration warning advised that prolonged or repeated
exposure to general anesthetics may affect neurodevelopment in children. This warning is …

Background Millions of children experienced surgery procedures requiring general
anesthesia (GA). Any potential neurodevelopmental risks of pediatric anesthesia can be a …

As the recent update of General anaesthesia compared to spinal anaesthesia (GAS) studies
has been published in 2019, together with other clinical evidence, the human studies …

Background Multiple studies have revealed that repeated or long-term exposure to ketamine
causes neurodegeneration and cognitive dysfunction. Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of …

All commonly used general anesthetics have been shown to cause neurotoxicity in animal
models, including nonhuman primates. Opinion, however, remains divided over how …