This review deals with the roles of calcium ions and ATP in the control of the normal
functions of the different cell types in the exocrine pancreas as well as the roles of these …

Increasing evidence supports the notion that neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the
etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), at least in a subset of patients. By virtue of their …

Enteric glial cells (EGC) modulate motility, maintain gut homeostasis, and contribute to
neuroinflammation in intestinal diseases and motility disorders. Damage induces a reactive …

Macrophages participate in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) by producing
inflammatory cytokines. Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP), released during cell …

A change in microglia structure, signaling, or function is commonly associated with
neurodegeneration. This is evident in the patient population, animal models, and targeted in …

A review of the data on the modulatory action of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), the main
co-transmitter with acetylcholine, and adenosine, the final ATP metabolite in the synaptic …

Inosine is proven to promote the proliferation and function of CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes
(CD8+ T) under glucose restriction and enhance the efficacy of programmed cell death …

Pain is a physiological response to bodily damage and serves as a warning of potential
threat. Pain can also transform from an acute response to noxious stimuli to a chronic …

Purines and pyrimidines are indispensable molecules of life; they are fundamental for
genetic code and bioenergetics. From the very early evolution of life purines have acquired …

Chronic cough is the most common complaint in respiratory clinics. Most of them have
identifiable causes and some may respond to common disease-modifying therapies …