Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are not only expressed by the nervous system and at the
neuro-muscular junction but also by mononuclear phagocytes, which belong to the innate …

Vasospastic angina (VSA) is characterized by episodes of rest angina that are responsive to
short-acting nitrates and are attributable to coronary artery vasospasm. The condition is …

Objective. Apolipoprotein (a)/lipoprotein (a)(Lp (a)), a major carrier of oxidized
phospholipids, and α7‐nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7‐nAChR) may play an important …

Although heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome that becomes worse over time, certain
cases can be reversed with appropriate treatments. While coronary artery spasm (CAS) is …

Garcinol, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist, has recently been
established as an anti-inflammation agent. However, the molecular mechanism by which …

Aims Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) elicits inflammatory response, which
contributes to the pathology of cognitive impairment. Several studies demonstrate that the …

Coronary artery spasm (CAS) is a dynamic coronary stenosis causing vasospastic angina
(VSA). However, VSA is a potentially lethal medical condition with multiple presentations …

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a worldwide health problem. Currently,
there is no effective clinical therapeutic strategy for HCC. Smoking is associated with several …

Aim To study the role of toll-like receptors 4-myeloid differentiation factor 88 (TLR4-Myd88)
dependent caveolin-1 (Cav-1) expression modulation in coronary artery spasm (CAS) and …

Background Nowadays, cigarette smoking remains the leading cause of chronic disease
and premature death, especially cardiovascular disease. As an emerging tobacco product, e …