Abstract Organs-on-chips (OoCs), also known as microphysiological systems or 'tissue
chips'(the terms are synonymous), have attracted substantial interest in recent years owing …

Organoids are three-dimensional (3D) miniature structures cultured in vitro produced from
either human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) or adult stem cells (AdSCs) derived from …

Adult stem cell–based organoid technology is a versatile tool for the generation and long-
term maintenance of near-native 3D epithelial tissues in vitro. The generation of cancer …

The organ-on-a-chip (OOAC) is in the list of top 10 emerging technologies and refers to a
physiological organ biomimetic system built on a microfluidic chip. Through a combination of …

Wilms tumour (WT) is a childhood embryonal tumour that is paradigmatic of the intersection
between disrupted organogenesis and tumorigenesis. Many WT genes play a critical (non …

In vitro cell cultures are crucial research tools for modeling human development and
diseases. Although the conventional monolayer cell cultures have been widely used in the …

Organoids are microscopic self-organizing, three-dimensional structures that are grown from
stem cells in vitro. They recapitulate many structural and functional aspects of their in vivo …

Organoids are in vitro–cultured three-dimensional structures that recapitulate key aspects of
in vivo organs. They can be established from pluripotent stem cells and from adult stem …

Drug development is a long process whose main content includes drug synthesis, drug
delivery, and drug evaluation. Compared with conventional drug development procedures …

Kidney tumours are among the most common solid tumours in children, comprising distinct
subtypes differing in many aspects, including cell-of-origin, genetics, and pathology. Pre …