Context Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) describes a spectrum of liver damage due
to excessive hepatic lipid accumulation. Recent research has demonstrated a high …

Task Force 5 Cathleen Biga, MSN, FACC, Task Force Co-Chair, ACC; Richard A. Chazal,
MD, FAHA, MACC, Task Force Co-Chair, AHA; Mark A. Creager, MD, FAHA, FACC, Author; …

Minority Tax Reform Black faculty members are often expected to engage in diversity
initiatives, a drain on their time and resources known as the “minority tax.” But taxes can be …

Professional identity formation (PIF) is considered a key process in physician development.
However, early PIF research may have inadvertently left out experiences from …

To help address health care disparities and promote higher-quality, culturally sensitive care
in the United States, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and other …

Purpose Representation of persons from diverse backgrounds remains a persistent
challenge for medicine and dentistry workforces. Past research has focused on quantifying …

Introduction Academic medicine has long faced the challenge of addressing health
inequities, reflecting on how these contribute to structural racism, and perpetuating negative …

Medical student literature has broadly established the importance of differentiating between
formal-explicit and hidden-tacit dimensions of the physician education process. The hidden …

Background A call to increase diversity among academic surgery faculty (ASF) was made in
2008, after recognizing the lack of surgeons considered underrepresented in medicine …

Issue Practices of systemic and structural racism that advantage some groups over others
are embedded in American society. Institutions of higher learning are increasingly being …