Materials and Methods: An institutional review board (IRB)-approved, cross-sectional, online
survey was conducted from January 22, 2019, to February 7, 2020, using a modified version …

BACKGROUND–General health of minority people is usually worse than that of their
majority peers and they often expe rience discrimination in the healthcare system. According …

Medical student literature has broadly established the importance of differentiating between
formal-explicit and hidden-tacit dimensions of the physician education process. The hidden …

Background Previous researches suggested that minority students are more exposed to
discrimination and mistreatment at university, therefore may have higher risk of mental and …

Surgeon burnout is a public health concern, with adverse effects on patients, the workforce,
and physician health. Advancing understanding of the drivers of burnout is critical to …

BACKGROUND Structural racism is characterized by a dominant racial hierarchy, White
racial framing, individual and collective discrimination, social reproduction of racial …

Accreditation is a driving force in higher education that faces continually increasing scrutiny
resulting from demands of the public. People want to be assured their doctors are well …

Black medical students experience unique race-based stressors within the medical training
environment that compromise their psychological and professional well-being, as well as …

This study examined the role of the physician combined race/ethnic and gender identities on
patient perceptions, emotions, attitudes, and behavioral tendencies toward the physicians …

Despite the increasing diversity in the US population, African Americans remain grossly
underrepresented in academic medicine. Since the 1840s, with the first conferral of a …