Considering the global increase in use of Z-drugs to treat insomnia, the study objective was
to conduct a systematic review on the efficacy and safety of zopiclone to treat sleep …

The ventrolateral subdivision of the periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) and the adjacent dorsal
mesencephalic reticular formation (dMRF) are involved in the modulation of active (rapid …

In cats, rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) can be induced rapidly and reliably by injections
of the cholinergic agonist carbachol into the anterodorsal pontine tegmentum, also …

Growing evidence supports the idea that sleep following learning is critically involved in
memory formation. Recent studies suggest that information acquired during waking is …

Jun Kohyama, MD, PhD~ bout two thirds of a term neonate's life is spent sleeping, and sleep
is significant in childhood development. The sleep pattern is remarkably altered during the …

Electrical stimulation of circumscribed areas of the pontine and medullary reticular formation
inhibits muscle tone in cats. In this report, we present an analysis of the anatomical …

Considerable evidence suggests that the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic
system and pedunculopontine tegmentum (PPT) in the brain stem are critically involved in …

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the cellular and neurophysiological/
neuropharmacological, with most of the emphasis on mechanisms relevant to rapid eye …

Acetylcholine (ACh) plays an important role in the promotion of paradoxical sleep (PS) with
muscle atonia through the muscarinic‐2 receptor (M2R) in the mesopontine tegmentum …

Serotonin type 1A (5-HT1A) receptor-responsive neurons in the pedunculopontine
tegmental nucleus (PPTn) become maximally active immediately before and during rapid …