Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common, aggressive, and fatal primary
malignant brain tumor in adults. The therapeutic efficacy of temozolomide (TMZ) is limited …

Human malignant gliomas are the most common and aggressive primary malignant tumors
of the human central nervous system. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM), which refers to the …

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is essential for cellular proliferation,
growth, and survival. Constitutive activation of this pathway by BRAF mutations can cause …

Simple Summary Glioblastoma (GBM) remain an incurable disease despite important efforts
to find efficient treatments. GBM are heterogeneous, complex, and plastic tumors and as …

Hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) are key transcription factors for cellular
response to low oxygen levels. However, the specific mediators responsible for activating …

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is recognized as the prevailing malignant and aggressive
primary brain tumor, characterized by an exceedingly unfavorable prognosis. Cuproptosis, a …

Protein kinases play pivotal roles in various biological functions, influencing cell
differentiation, promoting survival, and regulating the cell cycle. The disruption of protein …

Thyroid disorders are among the most common endocrinological conditions. As the
prevalence of thyroid diseases increases annually, the exploration of thyroid disease …

Glioma is the most prevalent type of brain tumor characterized by a poor 5‑year survival rate
and a high mortality rate. Malignant gliomas are commonly treated by surgery …

Objective Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly vascularized malignancy that relies on new vessel
generation, and thus targeting angiogenesis has been a promising anti-GBM approach …