Abstract Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) hydrolyzes cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)
and plays a vital roles in many biological processes. PDE4 inhibitors have been widely …

Inhibitors of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) are small-molecule drugs that, by increasing the
intracellular levels of cAMP in immune cells, elicit a broad spectrum of anti-inflammatory …

Asthma is a heterogeneous, chronic respiratory disease characterized by airway
inflammation and remodeling. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors represent one of the …

In recent years, emphasis has shifted from preventing and treating chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD) to early prevention, early treatment, and disease stabilization …

During the last years, we developed a large library of new selective phosphodiesterase 4D
inhibitors, maintaining the catechol portion of the well‐known PDE4 inhibitor Rolipram …

Pharmacological management of airway obstructive diseases is a fast-evolving field.
Several advances in unravelling disease mechanisms as well as intracellular and molecular …

Phosphodiesterase enzymes (PDE) have long been known as regulators of cAMP and
cGMP, second messengers involved in various signaling pathways and expressed in a …

Background Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) frequently is measured at high levels in COPD using
sputum quantitative polymerase chain reaction, whereas airway immunohistochemistry …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pharmacological therapy has advanced in
recent years. Combining long acting bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) as a …

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary dir sease, COPD) 发生在不同年龄段人群中,
且以40 岁人群好发, 属于复杂异质性疾病, 具有多种表型. COPD 是由暴露在有毒颗粒气体后 …