Physicians, policymakers, and researchers are increasingly focused on finding ways to
decrease opioid use and overdose in the United States both of which have sharply …

The unique pharmacology of remifentanil makes it a popular intra‐operative analgesic.
Short‐acting opioids like remifentanil have been associated with acute opioid tolerance …

Opioid use for pain management has dramatically increased, with little assessment of
potential pathophysiological consequences for the primary pain condition. Here, a short …

Objective This is the fourth edition of diagnostic and treatment guidelines for complex
regional pain syndrome (CRPS; aka reflex sympathetic dystrophy). Methods Expert …

Background Opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) is well documented in preclinical studies,
but findings of clinical studies are less consistent. The objective was to undertake a …

Endogenous opioid system dysfunction potentially contributes to chronic pain in
fibromyalgia (FM), but it is unknown if this dysfunction is related to established …

Valid and reliable biomarkers can play an important role in clinical trials as indicators of
biological or pathogenic processes or as a signal of treatment response. Currently, there are …

The use of opioids for the treatment of chronic pain has increased dramatically over the past
decade. Whether these drugs provide considerable benefits in terms of pain reduction and …

This document reports the consensus of an interdisciplinary panel of research and clinical
experts charged with reviewing the use of opioids for chronic noncancer pain (CNCP) and …

Chronic pain is an international health issue of immense importance that is influenced by
both physical and psychological factors. Opioids are useful in treating chronic pain but have …