Antibiotics have transformed modern medicine. They are essential for treating infectious
diseases and enable vital therapies and procedures. However, despite this success, their …

Advances in culture-independent research techniques have led to an increased
understanding of the gut microbiota and the role it plays in health and disease. The intestine …

Abstract Scope In 2009, the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious
Diseases (ESCMID) published the first treatment guidance document for Clostridioides …

Probiotics are used for both generally healthy consumers and in clinical settings. However,
theoretical and proven adverse events from probiotic consumption exist. New probiotic …

The introduction and broad use of new immunosuppressive agents, including biologic
agents and JAK inhibitors, have revolutionised treatment of inflammatory bowel disease …

Probiotics and prebiotics are microbiota-management tools for improving host health. They
target gastrointestinal effects via the gut, although direct application to other sites such as …

Still relevant after 19 years, the FAO/WHO definition of probiotics can be translated into four
simple and pragmatic criteria allowing one to conclude if specific strains of microorganisms …

The gut microbiome plays an important role in human health and influences the
development of chronic diseases ranging from metabolic disease to gastrointestinal …

This guideline presents an update to the 2013 American College of Gastroenterology
Guideline on the Diagnosis and Management of Celiac Disease with updated …

Probiotics are living microorganisms that confer health benefits to the host when
administered in adequate amounts; however, dead bacteria and their components can also …