Purinergic signalling, ie, the role of nucleotides as extracellular signalling molecules, was
proposed in 1972. However, this concept was not well accepted until the early 1990's when …

Purinergic signalling is involved in a number of physiological and pathophysiological
activities in the lower urinary tract. In the bladder of laboratory animals there is …

The clinical use of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide is limited by a resultant bladder toxicity
which has been attributed to the metabolite acrolein. Another metabolite chloroacetaldehyde …

This review is focused on the pathophysiology and therapeutic potential of purinergic
signalling. A wide range of diseases are considered, including those of the central nervous …

The urothelium was long considered to be a silent barrier protecting the body from the toxic
effects of urine. However, today a number of dynamic abilities of the urothelium are well …

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a multifactorial, chronic bladder
disorder with limited therapeutic options currently available. The present review provides an …

One of the widely used anticancer drugs for the treatment of various neoplasms is
cyclophosphamide (CYP). The inactive prodrug CYP is metabolized by cytochrome P450 …

Several physiopathologic conditions lead to the manifestation of overactive bladder (OAB).
These conditions include ageing, diabetes mellitus, bladder outlet obstruction, spinal cord …

Purpose: We examined the role of NMDAR in the regulation of bladder hypertrophy and
function in a rat model of cyclophosphamide induced cystitis. Materials and Methods: Cystitis …

The cytotoxic drugs cyclophosphamide (CPO) and ifosfamide (IFO) cause toxic urological
effects due to the production of urinary metabolites that cause bladder inflammation. This …