Conspectus Photon upconversion, the process of converting low-energy photons into high-
energy ones, has been widely applied for solar energy conversion, photoredox catalysis …

The responses of patients to tumor therapies vary due to tumor heterogeneity. Tumor
stratification has been attracting increasing attention for accurately distinguishing between …

Molecular imaging via afterglow luminescence minimizes tissue autofluorescence and
increases the signal-to-noise ratio. However, the induction of afterglow requires the prior …

Fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000–1700 nm) using
small-molecule dyes has high potential for clinical use. However, many NIR-II dyes suffer …

X-ray-induced afterglow and radiodynamic therapy tackle the tissue penetration issue of
optical imaging and phototherapy. However, inorganic nanophosphors used in this therapy …

Afterglow luminescence (long persistent luminescence) holds great potential for
nonbackground molecular imaging. However, current afterglow probes are mainly …

There is growing interest in the development of chemiluminescence (CL) probes for
phototheranostics because of their minimized tissue autofluorescence. However, due to a …

Self-luminescence, which eliminates the real-time external optical excitation, can effectively
avoid background autofluorescence in photoluminescence, endowing with ultrahigh signal …

Herein, we report an activatable near‐infrared (NIR) afterglow theranostic prodrug that
circumvents high background noise interference caused by external light excitation. The …

Afterglow imaging holds great potential for ultrasensitive biomedical imaging. As it detects
photons after the cessation of real-time light excitation, autofluorescence can therefore be …