Formation of N-Nitrosamine Drug Substance Related Impurities in Medicines: A Regulatory Perspective on Risk Factors and Mitigation Strategies

RC Cioc, C Joyce, M Mayr… - Organic Process Research …, 2023 - ACS Publications
The detection of N-nitrosamine impurities in medicines and the recent emergence of
nitrosamine drug substance related impurities (NDSRIs) has posed a great challenge to …

Formation of Dialkyl-N-nitrosamines in Aqueous Solution: An Experimental Validation of a Conservative Predictive Model and a Comparison of the Rates of Dialkyl …

IW Ashworth, D Dey, O Dirat, P McDaid… - … Process Research & …, 2023 - ACS Publications
The potential for active pharmaceutical intermediates and active ingredients to contain low
levels of N-nitrosamines is a topic of continued interest from industry and regulatory …

N-Nitrosodimethylamine Formation in Metformin Drug Products by the Reaction of Dimethylamine and Atmospheric NO2

S Fukuda, K Kondo, S Fukumoto… - … Process Research & …, 2023 - ACS Publications
In 2019, N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) exceeding the maximum allowable intake (96
ng/day) was detected in metformin drug products in Singapore, and since then, many of the …

On the role of digital tools in nitrosamine risk assessment for drug substance and drug product manufacturing processes

A Eren, D Moon, T Curran, C Luciani - Current Opinion in Chemical …, 2024 - Elsevier
Highlights•The development of digital tools is vital to quantify nitrosamines acceptable
intake, rate of generation, and purge.•Solution-phase kinetic models are used to determine …

Formation of N-Nitrosamines by Reaction of Secondary Dialkylamines with Trace Levels of Nitrite in Aqueous Solution: An Automated Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Study …

S Diab, AP Dominey, P Ferrini, J Hayler… - … Process Research & …, 2023 - ACS Publications
Healthcare marketing authorization holders are undertaking widespread risk assessment
activities following the discovery of dialkyl N-nitrosamines in certain drug substances and …

Risk Evaluation of N-Nitrosamines in Drug-Linker Intermediates Used To Generate Antibody–Drug Conjugates

O Chahrour, PG Bulger, O Dirat, K Schrier… - … Process Research & …, 2024 - ACS Publications
This position study provides a science-based, holistic approach to evaluating the risks of
nitrosamine presence in drug-linkers as intermediates toward antibody–drug conjugate …

Nitrosamine reactivity: a survey of reactions and purge processes

CJ Borths, M Burns, T Curran… - Organic Process Research …, 2021 - ACS Publications
Drug recalls have led to increased regulatory scrutiny into the formation and presence of
nitrosamine (N-nitrosoamine) impurities in medicines. This review aims to assist the …

Continuous Flow-Facilitated CB2 Agonist Synthesis, Part 2: Cyclization, Chlorination, and Amination

M Prieschl, P Sagmeister, C Moessner… - … Process Research & …, 2023 - ACS Publications
A new route to the cannabinoid receptor type 2 agonist, RG7774, has been developed
circumventing an alkylation with poor regioselectivity as the final step. In the new synthetic …

Unusual solubilization capacity of hydrophobic drug olanzapine in polysorbate micelles for improved sustained drug release

P Singla, S Garg, S Kaur, N Kaur, N Kaur… - Journal of Molecular …, 2022 - Elsevier
Polysorbates and Pluronic polymers are straightforward to use to improve the performance
of hydrophobic molecules, however, colloidal systems of these polymers are not fully …

Development of the Methodology for in Silico Reactivity-Based Purge Predictions: Making Mirabilis Think Like a Chemist

JA McManus, R Lopez-Rodríguez… - … Process Research & …, 2023 - ACS Publications
Synthetic routes to drug substances can result in the introduction of potentially mutagenic
impurities (PMIs). The ICH M7 guideline offers a range of control options that assures that …