Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA), a class of non-coding RNA molecules recently identified
largely due to the efforts of FANTOM, and later GENCODE and ENCODE consortia, have …

Plant speciation and diversification strongly rely on structural changes in the nuclear
genome, both at the whole ploidy and individual chromosome level. Phylogenetic …

Plants produce structurally diverse specialized metabolites, including bioactive alkaloids
and terpenoids, in response to biotic and abiotic environmental stresses. The APETALA2 …

NADPH oxidases (NOXs), mostly known as respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs),
are the key producers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants. A lot of literature has …

The question of how phenotypic and genomic complexity are inter‐related and how they are
shaped through evolution is a central question in biology that historically has been …

Venom is a complex trait with substantial inter-and intraspecific variability resulting from
strong selective pressures acting on the expression of many toxic proteins. However …

The diversity of venomous organisms and the toxins they produce have been increasingly
investigated, but taxonomic bias remains important. Neogastropods, a group of marine …

During cold acclimation, C-repeat binding factors (CBFs) activate downstream targets, such
as cold-regulated genes, leading to the acquisition of freezing tolerance in plants. Inducer of …

Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) is an economically important vegetable
crop throughout the world, especially in Asia. High-quality genome sequences are available …

Understanding the mechanisms of evolution of brain pathways for complex behaviours is
still in its infancy. Making further advances requires a deeper understanding of brain …