The ever-increasing demand for flexible and portable electronics has stimulated research
and development in building advanced electrochemical energy devices which are …

Abstract 4D printing refers to single-material or multi-material printing of a device or object
that can be transformed from a 1D strand into pre-programed 3D shape, from a 2D surface …

Polymers are extensively exploited as active materials in a variety of electronics and energy
devices because of their tailorable electrical properties, mechanical flexibility, facile …

Over the past decades, interest in shape memory polymers (SMPs) has persisted, and
immense efforts have been dedicated to developing SMPs and their multifunctional …

Abstract Development of polymer-based smart materials, which can autonomously alter their
physical and/or chemical properties when exposed to external stimuli, is a thriving research …

Electrospinning is a versatile and viable technique for generating ultrathin fibers.
Remarkable progress has been made with regard to the development of electrospinning …

Shape‐programmable soft materials that exhibit integrated multifunctional shape
manipulations, including reprogrammable, untethered, fast, and reversible shape …

In recent decades, origami has been explored to aid in the design of engineering structures.
These structures span multiple scales and have been demonstrated to be used toward …

Additive manufacturing has attracted much attention in the last decade as a principal
growing sector of complex manufacturing. Precise layer-by-layer patterning of materials …

Abstract 4D printing has attracted tremendous interest since its first conceptualization in
2013. 4D printing derived from the fast growth and interdisciplinary research of smart …