Abstract 4D printing is the next step on from 3D printing involving the fourth dimension of
'time'. The programmed 4D-printed objects are capable of changing their shape in response …

Abstract 4D printing has attracted great interest since the concept was introduced in 2012.
The past 5 years have witnessed rapid advances in both 4D printing processes and …

Bioinspired smart superwetting surfaces with special wettability have aroused great attention
from fundamental research to technological applications including self‐cleaning, oil–water …

Dynamic regulation of substrate micro‐structures is an effective strategy to control stem cell
fate in tissue engineering. Translating this into in vivo tissue repair in a clinical setting …

Shape memory polymer (SMP) is a kind of material that can sense and respond to the
changes of the external environment, and its behavior is similar to the intelligent reflection of …

In recent periods, shape memory hydrogels (SMHs) have sought conjoint attention from
industries as well as academia owing their intrinsic biocompatibility as well as …

Shape‐changing polymers are an emerging class of smart stimuli‐responsive materials.
Among the different stimuli that could be used for polymer actuation, light has several …

Transparent wood (TW) is a promising light and thermal management material that has
enormous potential for energy-efficient engineering applications. However, almost all the …

Thermoset shape memory polymer (SMP) with dynamic covalent bonds in the network is a
new class of SMPs for which the permanent shape can be reconfigured via topological …

The rapid growth and disruptive potentials of three-dimensional (3D) printing demand further
research for addressing fundamental fabrication concepts and enabling engineers to realize …