Given the uniquely close relationship between fish and aquatic environments, fish mucosal
tissues are constantly exposed to a wide array of pathogenic microorganisms in the …

Respiratory structures are crucial for vertebrate survival, as they serve not only to perform
gas-exchange processes but also as entry points for opportunistic pathogens. Previous …

A teleost's kidney was divided into head kidney and trunk kidney. The head kidney is an
important lymphatic organ, while the trunk kidney mainly performs osmotic pressure …

Polymeric immunoglobulin (Ig) receptor-like (pIgRL) molecules have been identified in
teleost fish. However, compared to functional studies of their related genes (eg, mammalian …

Diseases caused by viruses pose a significant risk to the health of aquatic animals, for which
there are presently no efficacious remedies. Interferon (IFN) serving as an antiviral agent, is …

Viral infections have the potential to damage fish intestines and disrupt the composition and
diversity of the bacterial populations. In this study, we investigated the gut microbiota profiles …

The ocular mucosa (OM) is an important and unique part of the vertebrate mucosal immune
system. The OM plays an important role in maintaining visual function and defending against …

Infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) is a major disease that limits the culture of rainbow
trout. In practical production, it has been found that the temperature of the culture water is a …

Maternal immunity plays a vital role in protecting offspring from pathogen invasion, and it is
present in nearly all vertebrates. As the most ancient vertebrates, teleost fish continuously …

Disease outbreaks consistently lead to substantial economic losses in crustacean farming
due to the absence of appropriate treatments for infections caused by the white spot …