The tumor microenvironment (TME) is essential for immune escape by tumor cells. It plays
essential roles in tumor development and metastasis. The clinical outcomes of tumors are …

Dendritic cells (DCs) are gatekeepers of the immune system that control induction and
polarization of primary, antigen-specific immune responses. Depending on their …

Abstract Aims SARS-CoV-2, an infectious agent behind the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic,
induces high levels of cytokines such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ etc in …

Interleukin-27 (IL-27) is a cytokine with strikingly diverse influences on the immune
response. Although it was initially linked with the development of Th1 responses, it is now …

Memory CD8+ T cells are critical for long-term immunity, but the genetic pathways governing
their formation remain poorly defined. This study shows that the IL-10-IL-21-STAT3 pathway …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive disease with poor 5-year
survival rates, necessitating identification of novel therapeutic targets. Elucidating the …

The presence of activated intratumoral T cells correlates clinically with better prognosis in
patients with cancer. Although tumor vaccines can increase the number of tumor-specific …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) are regulatory cytokines with
pleiotropic roles in the immune system. The prominent function of TGF-β is to maintain T cell …

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes more than 1 million deaths annually
from immune-mediated liver damage. The long incubation period has been difficult to study; …

Immune responses to infection are optimally designed to generate large numbers of effector
T cells while simultaneously minimizing the collateral damage of their potentially lethal …