Many are frustrated with the lack of translational progress in the pain field, in which huge
gains in basic science knowledge obtained using animal models have not led to the …

The study of pain in awake animals raises ethical, philosophical, and technical problems.
We review the ethical standards for studying pain in animals and emphasize that there are …

It is generally acknowledged that humans display highly variable sensitivity to pain,
including variable responses to identical injuries or pathologies. The possible contribution of …

The underlying bases of the considerable interindividual variability in pain-related traits are
starting to be revealed. Although the relative importance of genes versus experience in …

The common inheritance of approximately 20 000 genes defines each of us as human.
However, substantial variation exists between individual human genomes, including …

Pain and its alleviation are currently a highly studied issue in human health. Research on
pain and response to analgesia has evolved to include the effects of genetics, heritability …

Quantitative trait locus mapping of chemical/inflammatory pain in the mouse identified the
Avpr1a gene, which encodes the vasopressin-1A receptor (V1AR), as being responsible for …

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of diffuse noxious inhibitory controls
(DNICs) on the temporal summation of the nociceptive flexion reflex (RIII reflex) in humans …

Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA)-induced arthritis is a commonly used model in the rat.
Use of FCA to induce arthritis in mice has been only occasionally reported, and most …

The poor record of basic-to-clinical translation in recent decades has led to speculation that
preclinical research is “irreproducible”, and this irreproducibility in turn has largely been …