Siponimod is a selective sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor subtype 1 (S1P1) and 5 (S1P5)
modulator approved in the United States and the European Union as an oral treatment for …

Over the recent years, the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica
spectrum disorder (NMOSD) has evolved very rapidly and a large number of disease …

Disability accrual in multiple sclerosis may occur as relapse-associated worsening or
progression independent of relapse activity. The role of progression independent of relapse …

Objective: To describe a temporal association between COVID-19 vaccine administration
and multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses. Methods: This case series study was collected in four …

Multiple sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of
the central nervous system, usually begins between the ages of 20 and 49 years, though in …

Aging is characterized, amongst other features, by a complex process of cellular
senescence involving both innate and adaptive immunity, called immunosenescence and …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) primarily affects adult females. However, in the last decades, rising
incidence and prevalence have been observed for demographic extremes, such as pediatric …

Aging is associated with a progressive decline of innate and adaptive immune responses,
called immunosenescence. This phenomenon links to different multiple sclerosis (MS) …

Background Concerns about vaccination increased among patients with multiple sclerosis
(MS) regarding side effects, efficacy, and disease exacerbation. Recently there were reports …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic autoimmune neurological disease. Its
therapeutic management has drastically evolved in the recent years with the development of …