Cryopreservation is the most efficient method for long-term preservation of mammalian
sperm. However, freeze-thawing procedures may strongly impair the sperm function and …

Zinc (Zn), the second-most necessary trace element, is abundant in the human body. The
human body lacks the capacity to store Zn; hence, the dietary intake of Zn is essential for …

BACKGROUND Total fertilization failure (TFF) is the failure of all metaphase II oocytes to
fertilize in ART cycles. The phenomenon represents a known cause of infertility, affecting 1 …

BACKGROUND Oocyte activation deficiency (OAD) is attributed to the majority of cases
underlying failure of ICSI cycles, the standard treatment for male factor infertility. Oocyte …

Abstract STUDY QUESTION Are phospholipase C zeta 1 (PLCZ1) mutations associated with
fertilization failure (FF) after ICSI? SUMMARY ANSWER New mutations in the PLCZ1 …

Background The first clues to the process of gamete activation date back to nearly 60 years
ago. The mutual activation of gametes is a crucial event during fertilization. In the testis and …

Infertility affects approximately 15% of reproductive-aged couples worldwide, of which up to
30% of the cases are caused by male factors alone. The origin of male infertility is mostly …

Oocyte activation deficiency (OAD) remains the predominant cause of total/low fertilization
rate in assisted reproductive technology (ART). Phospholipase C zeta (PLCζ) is the …

The fertilizing spermatozoon is a highly specialized cell that selects from millions along the
female tract until the oocyte. The paternal components influence the oocyte activation during …

Objective To investigate the extent to which assisted oocyte activation (AOA) improves
clinical outcomes in patients diagnosed with oocyte activation deficiencies (OADs). Design …