The previous decade has seen a rapid increase in microglial studies on pain, with a unique
focus on microgliosis in the spinal cord after nerve injury and neuropathic pain. Numerous …

Current analgesics predominately modulate pain transduction and transmission in neurons
and have limited success in controlling disease progression. Accumulating evidence …

Maladaptive changes of nerve injury–associated genes in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) are
critical for neuropathic pain genesis. Emerging evidence supports the role of long noncoding …

Neuroinflammation has positive and negative effects. This review focuses on the roles of
macrophage in the PNS. Transection of PNS axons leads to degeneration and clearance of …

Reciprocal signalling between immunocompetent cells in the central nervous system (CNS)
has emerged as a key phenomenon underpinning pathological and chronic pain …

Activation of glial cells and neuro–glial interactions are emerging as key mechanisms
underlying chronic pain. Accumulating evidence has implicated 3 types of glial cells in the …

This review provides an update on the current clinical and preclinical understanding of
chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). The overview of the clinical syndrome …

Sixteen years ago, the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Pharmacology
approved a system for naming human seven-transmembrane (7TM) G protein-coupled …

Cytokines and chemokines are proteins that coordinate the immune response throughout
the body. The dysregulation of cytokines and chemokines is a central feature in the …

Highlights•Macrophages induce pain via pro-inflammatory cytokines that activate
nociceptors.•Nociceptor neurons activate local macrophages via TLR signaling and CCL2 …