This article updates the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology
(ESC) 2007 classification of advanced heart failure and describes new diagnostic and …

Uric acid, the end-product of purine metabolism in humans, is not only a cause of gout, but
also may play roles in developing cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, atrial …

Heart Failure Society (JHFS). The working committee for this project includes members and
collaborators involved in the previous versions of the heart failure guidelines and members …

Oxidative stress is the result of the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS)
formation and enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. Biomarkers of oxidative stress are …

5.2. 1. Ocena funkcji skurczowej lewej komory...................................... 1052 5.2. 2. Ocena
funkcji rozkurczowej lewej komory...................................... 1052 5.2. 3. Ocena funkcji prawej …

Elevated levels of inflammatory mediators have been identified in patients with heart failure,
including heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction, as well as acute …

Background: Altered intestinal function is prevalent in patients with heart failure (HF), but its
role in adverse outcomes is unclear. Objectives: This study investigated the potential …

Inflammation has been recognized as a major pathophysiological contributor to the entire
spectrum of human heart failure (HF), including HF with reduced ejection fraction, HF with …

Systolic and diastolic myocardial dysfunction has been demonstrated to be associated with
an activation of the circulating and local renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), and …

Based on the “free radical theory” of disease, researchers have been trying to elucidate the
role of oxidative stress from free radicals in cardiovascular disease. Considerable data …