tion by TCD does not necessarily imply the presence of a PFO. Any right-to-left shunt such
as that resulting from ventricular septal defect or intrapulmonary shunt may result in the …

This chapter about treatment and prevention of stroke is part of the 7th ACCP Conference on
Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy: Evidence Based Guidelines. Grade 1 …

Background The prevalence of patent foramen ovale among patients with cryptogenic stroke
is higher than that in the general population. Closure with a percutaneous device is often …

Background: The optimal strategy to prevent recurrent presumed paradoxical emboli in
patients with patent foramen ovale is unknown. Purpose: To synthesize the current …

This article about treatment and prevention of stroke is part of the Antithrombotic and
Thrombolytic Therapy: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical …

Objectives: In this study, a meta-analysis of observational studies was performed to compare
the rate of recurrent neurological events (RNE) between transcatheter closure and medical …

Background and Purpose—Patients discovered to have a patent foramen ovale in the
setting of a cryptogenic stroke may be treated with percutaneous closure, antiplatelet …

Objectives: This study sought to compare the safety and efficacy of the HELEX septal
occluder (HSO) with surgical repair of atrial septal defect (ASD). Background: The HSO is a …

We have conducted a systematic review of air embolism complications of neurosurgery in
the sitting position and patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure. It assesses the risk and benefit …

Background—This study sought to test whether intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) is
superior to conventional monitoring in guiding device closure of interatrial communications …