Purpose CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN), a TLR9 agonist, activates innate immunity
and induces Th1 response. Although the immune modulatory effect of CpG-ODN has been …

Schistosomiasis is a major public health problem that affects mainly developing countries.
There are 200 million people worldwide infected with schistosomes resulting in more than …

This study reports that B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells display the same
pattern of toll-like receptors (TLRs) proteins expression as normal B-cells, yet with …

We investigated the phenotype and frequency of circulating myeloid dendritic cells (MDC)
and plasmacytoid DC (PDC) in 86 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and 33 healthy controls …

Objective (s): Program death 1 (PD-1)/program death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathways, as the
main inhibitory checkpoints, induce immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment …

The current US Department of Defense candidate plague vaccine is a fusion between two
Yersinia pestis proteins: the F1 capsular protein, and the low calcium response (Lcr) V …

For many years, prophylactic use of anticoccidial drugs has been the primary means of
controlling chicken coccidiosis in broiler industry and has played a major role in the growth …

Abstract Development of effective vaccine mediated immune responses relies on the use of
vaccine adjuvants capable of enhancing and directing the adaptive immune response to the …

Leishmaniasis causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide and is an important
public health problem. Even though it is endemic in developing countries in tropical regions …

Cytosine‐guanine oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG ODN) motifs of bacterial DNA are recognized
through toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR9) and are potent activators of innate immunity. However …