Apoptotic cells can be eliminated by phagocytosis, which is mediated by antigen-presenting
cells (APCs), such as macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), through phosphatidylserine …

Harnessing the immune system in the battle against cancer has been the focus of
tremendous research efforts during the past two decades. Several means for achieving this …

The recent years have witnessed an exponential increase in cancer research, leading to a
considerable investment in the field. However, with few exceptions, this effort has not yet …

The B lymphocyte‐activating factor belonging to TNF superfamily (BAFF) acts on B
lymphocytes through BAFF receptor (BAFF‐R), the transmembrane activator, calcium …

Transcutaneous immunization (TCI) with dissolving microneedle arrays (DMAs) is a
promising vaccine administration method. In this work, we developed a TCI device …

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play pivotal roles in tumor development. As primary
contents of tumor environment (TME), TAMs secrete inflammation-related substances to …

Approaches to treat cancer with therapeutic vaccination have made significant progress. In
order to induce efficient antitumor immunity, a vaccine should target and activate antigen …

The domain III of the West Nile virus (WNV) envelope glycoprotein (E) was shown to serve
as virus attachment domain to the cellular receptor, and neutralizing Abs have been mapped …

Understanding supports for cancer stem–like cells in malignant glioma may suggest
therapeutic strategies for their elimination. Here, we show that the Toll-like receptor TLR9 is …

Americans serving with the US Armed Forces need protection from the dangerous infections
that they can contract during training, based on occupation, during overseas deployment, or …