Microglia are the primary innate immune cells in the CNS. In the healthy brain, they exhibit a
unique molecular homeostatic 'signature', consisting of a specific transcriptional profile and …

Reciprocal signalling between immunocompetent cells in the central nervous system (CNS)
has emerged as a key phenomenon underpinning pathological and chronic pain …

Background Activated astrocytes play important roles in chronic post-surgical pain (CPSP).
Recent studies have shown reactive astrocytes are classified into A1 and A2 phenotypes …

Minocycline is a second‐generation, semi‐synthetic tetracycline that has been in therapeutic
use for over 30 years because of its antibiotic properties against both gram‐positive and …

Although substantial evidence has established that microglia and astrocytes play a key role
in the establishment and maintenance of persistent pain in animal models, the role of glial …

Microglia are activated in response to a number of different pathological states within the
CNS including injury, ischemia, and infection. Microglial activation results in their production …

Central sensitization represents an enhancement in the function of neurons and circuits in
nociceptive pathways caused by increases in membrane excitability and synaptic efficacy as …

Inflammation is the process by which an organism responds to tissue injury involving both
immune cell recruitment and mediator release. Diverse causes of neuropathic pain are …

Neuropathic pain resulting from damage or dysfunction of the nervous system is a highly
debilitating chronic pain state and is often resistant to currently available treatments. It has …

Immune cells and glia interact with neurons to alter pain sensitivity and to mediate the
transition from acute to chronic pain. In response to injury, resident immune cells are …