Heme is a complex of iron and the tetrapyrrole protoporphyrin IX with essential functions in
aerobic organisms. Heme is the prosthetic group of hemoproteins such as hemoglobin and …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress are thought to play a central role in
potentiating macrophage activation, causing excessive inflammation, tissue damage, and …

NRF2 acts by controlling gene expression, being the master regulator of the Phase II
antioxidant response, and also being key to the control of neuroinflammation. NRF2 activity …

Iron metabolism is vital for the survival of both humans and microorganisms. Heme
oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an essential stress-response enzyme highly expressed in the lungs …

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a cytoprotective enzyme activated by various phytochemicals
and we examined the ability of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major constituent of …

In this study, we investigated the protective effects of rosmarinic acid (RA) on H2O2-induced
neurotoxicity in human dopaminergic cell line, SH-SY5Y. Results showed that RA …

Carnosic acid (CA) and carnosol (CAR) are two major diterpenes of the rosemary plant
(Rosmarinus officinalis). They possess a phenolic structural moiety and are endowed with …

Objective—Atheroprotective blood flow induces expression of anti-inflammatory Krüppel-
like factor 2 (KLF2) and activates antioxidant transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2 …

Increases in cell death by programmed (ie, apoptosis, autophagy) or nonprogrammed
mechanisms (ie, necrosis) occur during tissue injury and may contribute to the etiology of …

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a ligand activated
transcription factor, belonging to the metazoan family of nuclear hormone receptors …