Remembering and discriminating objects based on their previously learned values are
essential for goal-directed behaviors. While the cerebral cortex is known to contribute to …

Integrating motivational signals with cognition is critical for goal-directed activities. The
mechanisms that link neural changes with motivated working memory continue to be …

Children and older adults often show less favorable reward-based learning and decision
making, relative to younger adults. It is unknown, however, whether reward-based …

Neuromodulators determine how neural circuits process information during cognitive states
such as wakefulness, attention, learning, and memory [1]. fMRI can provide insight into their …

A growing body of evidence indicates that visual perceptual learning (VPL) is enhanced by
reward provided during training. Another line of studies has shown that sleep following …

In order to behave adaptively, attention can be directed in space either voluntarily (ie
endogenously) according to strategic goals, or involuntarily (ie exogenously) through …

Understanding how reward modulates human behavior and information processing has
been a core challenge for psychologists for decades. In recent years an increasing number …

Effective perceptual decisions rely upon combining sensory information with knowledge of
the rewards available for different choices. However, it is not known where reward signals …

Theories of reinforcement learning and approach behavior suggest that reward can increase
the perceptual salience of environmental stimuli, ensuring that potential predictors of …

Introduction While many everyday choices are between multi-attribute options, how attribute
values are integrated to allow such choices remains unclear. Recent findings suggest a …