Sleep is a complex physiological process and is a critical determinant of physical and
mental health. In the past decades, significant progress has been made in understanding …

The circadian rhythm is crucial for physiological and behavioral functions. Chronotype,
which represents individual preferences for activity and performance, is associated with …

Increasing evidence suggests estrogen and estrogen signaling pathway disturbances
across psychiatric disorders. Estrogens are not only crucial in sexual maturation and …

The tryptophan and kynurenine pathway is well-known to play an important role in nervous,
endocrine, and immune systems, as well as in the development of inflammatory diseases. It …

The production of plastic is still increasing globally, which has led to an increasing number
of plastic particles in the environment. Nanoplastics (NPs) can penetrate the blood-brain …

Sevoflurane is one of the most widely used anesthetics for the induction and maintenance of
general anesthesia in surgical patients. Sevoflurane treatment may increase the incidence …

Antidepressants are one of the most commonly prescribed pharmaceutical classes for the
treatment of psychiatric conditions. They act via modulation of brain monoaminergic …

Fear is characterized by distinct behavioral and physiological responses that are essential
for the survival of the human species. Fear conditioning (FC) serves as a valuable model for …

In 2020, the world gained dramatic experience of the development of the 2019 coronavirus
disease pandemic (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV …

Understanding animal emotions is a key to unlocking methods for improving animal welfare.
Currently there are no 'benchmarks' or any scientific assessments available for measuring …