Antibodies are essential molecules for diagnosis and treatment of diseases caused by
pathogens and their toxins. Antibodies were integrated in our medical repertoire against …

This article provides an updated review of the clinical issues related to human infection with
highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus. The clinical data available to date are …

Influenza A virus infections impose a recurrent and global disease burden. Current antivirals
against influenza are not always effective. We assessed the protective potential of …

Antibodies are valuable molecules for the diagnostic and treatment of diseases caused by
pathogens and toxins. Traditionally, these antibodies are generated by hybridoma …

The latest coronavirus disease outbreak, COVID-19, has brought attention to viral infections
which have posed serious health threats to humankind throughout history. The rapid global …

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly contagious coronavirus that causes
severe diarrhea and death in neonatal piglets. Passive immunization with neutralizing …

Single-chain variable fragment (scFv) has great prospect in medical therapies and
diagnostic applications due to its binding affinity and low immunogenicity. However, the …

Existing influenza vaccines protect mostly homologous subtypes and acted most effectively
only when well matched to the circulating strain. Immunization with an updated vaccine is …

With the lifting of COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions, the resurgence of common
viral respiratory infections was recorded in several countries worldwide. It facilitates viral co …

This narrative review article summarizes past and current technologies for generating
antibodies for passive immunization/immunotherapy. Contemporary DNA and protein …