We address adaptive vs. maladaptive responses to hypoxemia in healthy humans and
hypoxic-tolerant species during wakefulness, sleep, and exercise. Types of hypoxemia …

New Findings What is the topic of this review? This review highlights recent advances in our
knowledge about the control of skeletal muscle blood flow during exercise in humans. What …

This brief review addresses the regulation of cardiac output (Q) at rest and during
submaximal exercise in acute and chronic hypoxia. To preserve systemic O2 delivery in …

568 Hypertension September 2018 prevalence of hypertension with a 2% increase for
every≈ 100 m (≈ 330 ft)-increase in altitude above 3000 mASL (≈ 9800 ft). 16 …

Key points Hypoxia, a potent activator of the sympathetic nervous system, is known to
increase muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) to the peripheral vasculature of native …

Combined results from different independent studies suggest that acclimatization to high
altitude induces a slowly developing sympathetic activation, even at levels of hypoxia that …

The basement membrane (BM) surrounding capillaries in skeletal muscles varies
physiologically in thickness according to age, physical fitness, and anatomical site in …

High-altitude hypoxic environments have critical implications on cardiovascular system
function as well as blood pressure regulation. Such environments place patients with …

Key points Our objective was to quantify endothelial function (via brachial artery flow‐
mediated dilatation) at sea level (344 m) and high altitude (3800 m) at rest and following …

Hypoxia can have significant impacts on cardiovascular physiology, but the effects of chronic
exposure to moderate hypoxia and how they differ between sexes remain poorly …