The cardiovascular system is the first functional organ in the embryo, and its blood vessels
form a widespread conductive network within the organism. Blood vessels develop de novo …

From an evolutionary perspective, neutrophils are one of oldest immune cell types and
represent a key first responder to infection and tissue injury (Leiding 2017). These early …

Arthritis, a diverse group of inflammatory joint disorders, poses great challenges in early
diagnosis and targeted treatment. Timely intervention is imperative, yet conventional …

Background Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are the largest leukocyte population in
the blood of most mammals including horses, and play an important defensive role in many …

Background: Microvascular damage is a key pathological factor in acute lower limb
ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Current evidence suggests that sulforaphane (SFN) …

Introduction Diagnosing and treating lameness in horses is essential to improving their
welfare. In equine orthopedic practice, infrared thermography (IRT) can indirectly detect …

Neutrophils display an array of biological functions including the formation of neutrophil
extracellular traps (NETs), web-like structures specialized in trapping, neutralizing, killing …

Obesity is a highly prevalent condition in horses. Dysfunctional neutrophil activity has been
reported in metabolically healthy obese humans, but minimal data exist regarding horses …

Endotoxin-induced diseases cause significant mortality and morbidity in the horse, leading
to enormous economic damage to the equine industry. Neutrophils play a critical role in …

Methods In a cross-over design, six healthy horses were randomly assigned to receive
either 0.6 mg/kg of oral Maxicam Gel®(MAXVO) or a mock administration (control group, C) …