Although genetic susceptibility explains the clustering of multiple sclerosis (MS) within
families and the sharp decline in risk with increasing genetic distance, it cannot fully explain …

Given the recent spate of reports of vitamin D deficiency, there is a need to reexamine our
understanding of natural and other sources of vitamin D, as well as mechanisms whereby …

Importance It remains unclear whether vitamin D insufficiency, which is common in
individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS), has an adverse effect on MS outcomes. Objectives …

This Clinical Report was retired October 2012. Rickets in infants attributable to inadequate
vitamin D intake and decreased exposure to sunlight continues to be reported in the United …

ContextEpidemiological and experimental evidence suggests that high levels of vitamin D, a
potent immunomodulator, may decrease the risk of multiple sclerosis. There are no …

The hypothesis that adequate vitamin D nutrition can contribute to the prevention of multiple
sclerosis (MS) was originally proposed to explain the geographical distribution of MS, but …

As discussed in Part I of this review, the geographic distribution of multiple sclerosis (MS)
and the change in risk among migrants provide compelling evidence for the existence of …

Although strong genetic determinants of multiple sclerosis (MS) exist, the findings of
migration studies support a role for environmental factors in this disease. Through rigorous …

This paper reviews the main factors influencing the synthesis of vitamin D, with particular
focus on ultraviolet radiation exposure. On the global level, the main source of vitamin D is …

Background WHO's global burden of disease studies, undertaken since 1996, apportion the
total global disease burden, measured in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), to specific …