Norepinephrine is involved in intrinsic control of pain. Main sources of norepinephrine are
sympathetic nerves peripherally and noradrenergic brainstem nuclei A1–A7 centrally …

Background Induced by varicella zoster virus (VZV), postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is one of
the common complications of herpes zoster (HZ) with refractory pain. Animal models play …

It has recently been shown that clonidine suppresses itch-related responses via its action on
α 2-adrenoceptors in the spinal cord, raising the possibility that the descending …

The inoculation of mice with herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) causes herpes zoster-like
skin lesions and pain-related responses (tactile allodynia and mechanical hyperalgesia) …

We evaluated the effects of intra-periaqueductal grey (PAG) N-arachidonoyl-serotonin (AA-5-
HT), a compound with a “dual” ability to inhibit the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and to …

Neuropathic pain is caused by nerve injury. Yokukansan (Yi-Gan San), a traditional
Japanese (Kampo) medicine, has been widely used for neuropathic pain control. However …

IMPLICATIONS: We have shown that the pronociceptive and antinociceptive actions of
isoflurane can be separated by concentration and have identified relevant concentration …

Background: Humans are constantly exposed to low concentrations of 4-tert-octylphenol
(OP). However, studies investigating the effects of low-dose OP on the liver are scarce, and …

The precise mechanisms of zoster-associated pain and postherpetic neuralgia remain
unknown. Inoculation of mice with herpes simplex virus type-1 elicits acute herpetic pain …

This study was conducted to make a new mouse model of neuropathic pain due to injury to a
branch of the sciatic nerve. One of three branches (sural, tibial, and common peroneal …