Serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants, including selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitors (SSRIs; ie, citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, and …

Human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, as membrane-bound hemoproteins, play
important roles in the detoxification of drugs, cellular metabolism, and homeostasis. In …

Opioids are mainly used to treat both acute and chronic pain. Several opioids are
metabolized to some extent by CYP2D6 (codeine, tramadol, hydrocodone, oxycodone, and …

Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) is a critical pharmacogene involved in the metabolism of~
20% of commonly used drugs across a broad spectrum of medical disciplines including …

Many studies have shown that the efficacy and risk of side effects of drug treatment is
influenced by genetic variants. Evidence based guidelines are essential for implementing …

Importance Precise estimation of the drug metabolism capacity for individual patients is
crucial for adequate dose personalization. Objective To quantify the difference in the …

The implementation of pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing in psychiatry remains modest, in part
due to divergent perceptions of the quality and completeness of the evidence base and …

Abstract The Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group (DPWG) aims to facilitate
pharmacogenetics implementation in clinical practice by developing evidence-based …

Phenoconversion is the mismatch between the individual's genotype-based prediction of
drug metabolism and the true capacity to metabolize drugs due to nongenetic factors. While …

The Pharmacogene Variation Consortium (PharmVar) catalogues star (*) allele
nomenclature for the polymorphic human CYP2C19 gene. CYP2C19 genetic variation …