Over the past several decades, much has been revealed about the nature of the host innate
immune response to microorganisms, with the identification of pattern recognition receptors …

The discovery of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as components that recognize conserved
structures in pathogens has greatly advanced understanding of how the body senses …

The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a form of severe hypoxemic respiratory
failure that is characterized by inflammatory injury to the alveolar capillary barrier, with …

A key for long-term survival and function of biomaterials is that they do not elicit a detrimental
immune response. As biomaterials can have profound impacts on the host immune …

Osteoarthritis (OA) has traditionally been classified as a noninflammatory arthritis; however,
the dichotomy between inflammatory and degenerative arthritis is becoming less clear with …

Pulmonary fibrosis is a highly heterogeneous and lethal pathological process with limited
therapeutic options. Although research on the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis has …

Hyaluronan signaling properties are unique among other biologically active molecules, that
they are apparently not influenced by postsynthetic molecular modification, but by …

Several factors have been recognized as possible triggers of ventilator-induced lung injury
(VILI). The first is pressure (thus the 'barotrauma'), then the volume (hence the 'volutrauma') …

Inflammation In the absence of pathogens occurs in all tissues in response to a wide range
of stimuli that cause tissue stress and injury. Such sterile inflammation (SI) is a key process …

Twenty years after the proposal that pattern recognition receptors detect invasion by
microbial pathogens, the field of immunology has witnessed several discoveries that have …