Hyaluronan (HA) is a multifunctional high molecular weight polysaccharide found
throughout the animal kingdom, especially in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of soft …

Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) may activate innate immunity through the engagement of
TLRs by endogenous ligands. TLR4 expressed within the kidney is a potential mediator of …

Rationale: Microvascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction secondary to unchecked
activation of endothelium play a critical role in the pathophysiology of sepsis and organ …

Macrophages are cells that function as a first line of defence against invading
microorganisms. One of the hallmarks of macrophages is their ability to become activated in …

The identification of the antigen recognition receptors for innate immunity, most notably the
Toll-like receptors, has sparked great interest in therapeutic manipulation of the innate …

A large number of macrophages and haematopoietic progenitor cells accumulate in pre-
metastatic lungs, in which chemoattractants, such as S100A8 and S100A9, are produced by …

Inflammation is a rapid yet coordinated response that can lead to the destruction of microbes
and host tissue. Triggers capable of inducing an inflammatory response include tissue …

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that recognize pathogen‐
associated molecular patterns and signal through adaptor molecules, myeloid differentiation …

Upon tissue injury, high mw hyaluronan (HA), a ubiquitously distributed extracellular matrix
component, is broken down into lower mw (LMW) fragments, which in turn activate an innate …

The innate immune system senses the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms and tissue
injury through Toll-like receptors (TLR), a mechanism thought to be limited to immune cells …