PD1 was originally discovered in 1992 as a molecule associated with activation-induced cell
death in T cells. Over the past 30 years, it was found that PD1 has a critical role in avoiding …

CD8 T cells comprising the memory pool display considerable heterogeneity, with individual
cells differing in phenotype and function. This review will focus on our current understanding …

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines have shown remarkable clinical efficacy, but questions
remain about the nature and kinetics of T cell priming. We performed longitudinal antigen …

Naïve CD8+ T cells can differentiate into effector (Teff), memory (Tmem) or exhausted (Tex)
T cells. These developmental pathways are associated with distinct transcriptional and …

One of the main challenges for immune checkpoint blockade antibodies lies in malignancies
with limited T-cell responses or immunologically “cold” tumors. Inspired by the capability of …

The identification of mechanisms to promote memory T (Tmem) cells has important
implications for vaccination and anti-cancer immunotherapy,,–. Using a CRISPR-based …

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cell therapy for solid tumors is limited due to
heterogeneous target antigen expression and outgrowth of tumors lacking the antigen …

External radiotherapy is extensively used in clinic to destruct tumors by locally applied
ionizing‐radiation beams. However, the efficacy of radiotherapy is usually limited by tumor …

Introduction Gut microbiome affecting the responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors against
advanced NSCLC has been investigated in the Western population. However, considering …

TCF-1 is a key transcription factor in progenitor exhausted CD8 T cells (Tex). Moreover, this
Tex cell subset mediates responses to PD-1 checkpoint pathway blockade. However, the …